The Case for Expanding Nuclear Energy

This policy tip sheet explains the history, mechanics, and growing potential of nuclear energy in the United States, emphasizing the nation’s early leadership in atomic science and the technological advances that have made nuclear power safer and more efficient. It highlights how modern reactors—including small modular reactors—offer reliable, large-scale electricity generation with minimal land use and extremely low emissions. Despite these advantages, the document notes that accidents from past decades, particularly Chernobyl, have shaped public fears and stalled nuclear expansion, even though the underlying causes of those disasters do not apply to modern U.S. reactor designs.

The report also explores the misconceptions surrounding nuclear safety and waste disposal, showing that advanced engineering, recycling techniques, and long-term geological storage have significantly reduced the risks associated with nuclear materials. It contrasts the small volume of nuclear waste produced by a typical nuclear plant with the massive amounts of pollution created by fossil fuel facilities. The tip sheet stresses that outdated regulations, environmentalist backlash, and decades of media-driven fear have discouraged the development of new reactors—leading to higher energy costs, stalled innovation, and increased reliance on foreign fuel sources.

Finally, the document outlines steps to rebuild public trust and revitalize America’s nuclear sector. Recommendations include streamlining the permitting process, expanding state-level approval for new plants, educating the public on nuclear safety and benefits, and supporting innovation in uranium mining and advanced reactors. The policy tip sheet concludes that embracing nuclear energy is vital for achieving U.S. energy independence, strengthening national security, reducing emissions, and positioning the country as a global leader in advanced energy technologies.

(Click here to read the full Policy Tip Sheet.)